In Singapore, the fight against diabetes has been ongoing since 2016, and the situation remains critical. As a matter of fact, recent health surveys published on Channel News Asia show that one in twelve Singaporeans now lives with diabetes, a figure that underscores the national concern.
Recognising this challenge, World Diabetes Day, celebrated on 14 November, plays a pivotal role.
Originally established in 1991 by the International Diabetes Federation and supported by the World Health Organisation (WHO), this day aims to intensify global awareness and prompt effective action. It’s a day focused on heightening awareness about diabetes as a critical health issue, highlighting the need for collective and individual efforts towards its better management.
So, what do you need to know about this widespread condition, and what steps can you take to manage it effectively?
Types of Diabetes
But first, what exactly is diabetes?
This condition arises when blood sugar levels consistently stay above normal, and it typically develops due to the limited insulin production by the pancreas or when the body can’t effectively use the insulin it produces.
There are primarily two distinct types of diabetes that affect individuals of all ages differently:
1. Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes, often identified during childhood, arises when the immune system attacks and destroys the pancreatic cells responsible for producing insulin by mistake. This form of diabetes also demands lifelong insulin therapy for blood sugar regulation. And according to the National University Hospital, in Singapore, this type of diabetes is notably more prevalent among the youth, though it can manifest at any age.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
Contrastingly, Type 2 Diabetes is predominantly influenced by lifestyle factors and a genetic predisposition. This type is characterised by the body’s inefficiency in using insulin properly, a condition known as insulin resistance. Globally and in Singapore, Type 2 is the more common form, increasingly affecting people at younger ages than previously observed, according to a report on Channel News Asia.
What Causes Diabetes?
Understanding the causes of diabetes is as important as recognising its symptoms, such as unquenchable thirst, a frequent need to urinate, unexplained weight loss, and blurred vision. While it is a commonly known fact that diabetes is a condition that results from elevated blood glucose levels, which stem from different mechanisms depending on the type, knowing what triggers this imbalance is crucial to managing or even preventing diabetes effectively.
Modern Medicine Perspective
From the standpoint of modern medicine, diabetes results from a combination of genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors.
For instance, Type 1 Diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune attack where the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas become the target of the immune system. Although genetics can be a contributing factor, other influences, such as viral infections, might also contribute, although the exact triggers are not fully understood.
Type 2 Diabetes, more common among adults but increasingly seen in younger populations, is largely influenced by lifestyle choices. Factors such as a high-calorie diet, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute to insulin resistance, where the body fails to use insulin effectively. Genetics also plays a role, as the condition tends to run in families, highlighting the need for lifestyle interventions to manage or prevent the disease.
TCM’s Perspective on What Causes Diabetes
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), diabetes tends to be referred to as the “wasting and thirsting syndrome” and is primarily associated with Yin deficiency. This deficiency leads to an imbalance that produces internal heat, manifesting as the classic symptoms of thirst and excessive urination. According to TCM, the roots of this syndrome are deeply tied to the dysfunction of the lung, stomach, and kidney meridians.
Diabetes Management
So, how do we effectively manage diabetes amidst our daily challenges?
Medical Approach
From a medical perspective, effective diabetes management hinges on consistent blood glucose monitoring, which guides daily treatment decisions. For example, for those with Type 1 Diabetes, this means regular insulin injections to maintain optimal blood sugar levels. Similarly, people with Type 2 Diabetes often utilise oral medications alongside possible insulin therapy to manage their condition.
In addition to all of these, structured meal planning and regular physical activity can increase insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial for all types of diabetes.
Alternative Approaches
Beyond conventional medicine, TCM offers holistic approaches that include herbal concoctions, acupuncture, and acupressure, aiming to balance the body’s energy—Qi—and control blood sugar levels.
Notably, acupuncture points such as SP8 and KD3 are used to modulate the body’s metabolic processes.
While these TCM practices provide complementary support, it’s essential to integrate them with conventional diabetes management under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
Disclaimer: This information is not intended to substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual conditions vary, and consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended to address your specific needs.
Lifestyle Tips for Diabetes Management
In managing diabetes, particularly for those experiencing early signs, it is essential to incorporate a balanced diet. Consuming fibre-rich foods, lean proteins, and vegetables can stabilise blood sugar levels. And as mentioned, regular physical activity also plays a pivotal role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and aiding overall health.
Stress management is equally important; techniques like mindfulness and yoga can significantly affect blood sugar control, promoting a calmer, more balanced lifestyle.
From a TCM perspective, maintaining harmony within the body is crucial. TCM practitioners might suggest herbal concoctions and acupuncture to support metabolic balance and improve energy flow, thus aiding in the management of diabetes symptoms.
For those looking to deepen their understanding of diabetes management or explore holistic strategies, consulting with healthcare professionals, including TCM practitioners, can provide personalised guidance and support.
